One of the questions I often get asked is, "What can I do to maintain my computer". So in this article, I am going to share my five favorite tips for maintaining your Windows-based computer.

Regularly check your drive(s) for errors

This is one of the first things I do when I get a system in the shop. An error on the disk can cause all sorts of issues, so occasionally running a quick standard disk check is recommended. It is always best to try fixing any errors before they become huge problems.

For more information on how to perform a checkdisk, select your operating system below.

How to check your drive(s) for errors in Windows 11

How to check your drive(s) for errors in Windows 10

How to check your drive(s) for errors in Windows 8.1

How to check your drive(s) for errors in Windows 7 / Windows Vista

How to check your drive(s) for errors in Windows XP

Manually defragment and optimize your drive(s)

Even though Windows runs Defrag as part of the routine maintenance (usually weekly), you can always occasionally run it, as it is probably the best single thing you can do to speed up your computer. Imagine a filing cabinet where all of the folders were out of order and files were misplaced throughout the cabinet. How could you find anything? Same thing with your computer's drive. Disk Defragmenter takes care of that for you. And you can run it as a scheduled task too.

Select your operating system below for more information on how to use Disk Defragmenter.

How to defragment and optimize your drive in Windows 11

How to defragment and optimize your drive in Windows 10

How to defragment and optimize your drive in Windows 8.1

How to defragment and optimize your drive in Windows 7

How to defragment and optimize your drive in Windows Vista

How to defragment and optimize your drive in Windows XP

Clean up your drive(s) regularly

Now, Windows does include programs to clean up the miscellaneous files that build up over time, but by default, it is not set up to run automatically. You can set up Windows to perform these routine tasks, which include deleting temporary files and emptying the Recycle Bin.

For more information on how to use Disk Cleanup and Storage Sense, select your operating system below.

How to clean up your drive in Windows 11

How to clean up your drive in Windows 10

How to clean up your drive in Windows 8.1

How to clean up your drive in Windows 7 / Windows Vista

Install Windows updates when they become available

Once a month, Microsoft releases security patches called Cumulative Updates. They fix known security issues and should be applied as soon as possible. Microsoft has been using the same schedule for
releasing them for decades now. The second Tuesday of every month is known in the IT world as 'Patch Tuesday', so mark your calendar. And if, for some reason, Windows Update does not work correctly, click on the link below.

Troubleshooting problems with Windows Update

Backup of your computer on a regular schedule

Nothing can beat a complete backup when it comes to getting a computer back running after a drive failure. Sure, a drive failure is an extreme example, but it could be an update that did not install correctly or a corrupt driver that is preventing your system from booting correctly. And the software is already built-in; all you need is an external drive for the backup and a USB flash drive for a repair drive.

How to backup your Windows 11 computer

How to backup your Windows 10 computer

How to backup your Windows 8.1 computer

How to backup your Windows 7 / Windows Vista computer

How to backup your Windows XP computer

Is using dual monitors with your Windows computer worth it? If you spend a lot of time working on your computer, whether for work or leisure, you've probably considered adding a second monitor to your setup. Dual monitors allow you to multitask more efficiently, increase productivity, and enhance your overall computing experience. In this article, we'll explore the benefits of using dual monitors with your Windows computer.

First and foremost, dual monitors provide more screen real estate, which means you can have multiple applications and windows open simultaneously without cluttering a single screen. This is especially useful for professionals like graphic designers, video editors, programmers, and day traders who rely on having multiple windows open for their work. With dual monitors, you can have your main work window open on one screen and secondary windows, such as reference materials or communication applications, open on the other, leading to improved workflow and efficiency.

Another significant advantage of using dual monitors is the ability to compare information side-by-side. For example, you can have a spreadsheet open on one screen while referencing data from a web browser on the other screen. This is immensely helpful for tasks that involve cross-referencing information, and it can save you a lot of time compared to constantly switching between application windows on a single monitor.

Multitasking becomes a breeze with dual monitors. You can write an email on one screen while researching information on the other or watch a tutorial video while following along with the steps on your main screen. It's like having two separate computers in front of you, and it can significantly boost your productivity, whether you're working on projects, studying, or simply organizing your digital life.

Now, let's explore the practical aspect of setting up dual monitors on your Windows computer. Most modern Windows PCs support dual monitors, and the process of setting them up is straightforward. First, check the ports available on your computer and the monitors you want to use. Common connections include HDMI, DisplayPort, and VGA. Once you've identified the available ports, you will need to use an appropriate cable or adapter to connect your additional monitor.

After physically connecting the monitors, you can customize their display settings by right-clicking on your Desktop and selecting Display settings. In this menu, you can arrange the position of the monitors, choose which one is the main display, and adjust the scaling and resolution to ensure a seamless visual experience across both screens. Windows also offers various options for dual monitors, such as extending your Desktop, duplicating the display, or using one monitor as the main display and the other as a secondary display. Experiment with these settings to find the configuration that best suits your workflow.

Extending your Desktop: This is a side-by-side scenario, horizontally or vertically, with the desktop expanded across both monitors. The first thing to consider is having two monitors precisely alike. It’s not necessary, but it is recommended.  With this setup, you can work with a different program on each monitor, which makes copying and pasting a breeze. You can also stretch a program across both monitors (the left monitor has a work area; the right monitor has the tool palette).

Duplicating your Desktop: Then there is what I like to call the back-to-back scenario, with the monitors on opposing faces of a wall or walls. The keyboard and mouse can be used wirelessly or through a USB cable. You can run multiple keyboards and mice on a system if this helps. In this case, cloning the display across both monitors is required, as the user can only view one monitor simultaneously.

Main and Secondary Displays - In this scenario, you can have a presentation monitor (LCD TV works well) on one wall and a standard monitor at the workstation. Without the need for matching monitors, you could pick up a cheap used one to run as a secondary. If your going to use an HDMI connection for a second monitor, you might also want to consider a TV with an HDMI port. Try your local Goodwill, Savers, thrift shop, etc.

This scenario also works well for those with visual impairments that require a magnification utility. You can use a larger monitor as the ‘main’ display and a smaller monitor as the ‘secondary’ display. Using the main display for all standard functions, the secondary display shows a magnified view of the main display.

In conclusion, the benefits of using dual monitors with your Windows computer are undeniable. Whether you're a professional looking to streamline your workflow or a multitasking enthusiast seeking a more productive computing experience, dual monitors can make a substantial difference in how you use your computer. By taking advantage of the additional screen real estate, enhanced multitasking capabilities, and improved productivity, you can elevate your computing experience to new heights. So, if you haven't already considered using dual monitors, now might be the perfect time to give it a try and unlock your full potential.

Are you worried about viruses infecting your Windows computer? If so, you're not alone. With the increasing number of malware and viruses targeting Windows operating systems, it's crucial to protect your PC proactively. In this comprehensive guide, we'll cover virus removal guidelines for Windows to help you keep your computer safe and secure.

Prevention is critical to protecting your Windows computer from viruses. This starts with using reputable anti-virus software and always keeping it updated. Regularly updating your operating system and other software is also crucial, as many updates include security patches that protect you from newly discovered vulnerabilities.

In addition to using anti-virus software, it's essential to practice safe browsing habits. Avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading files from untrustworthy sources, as these can often be vectors for malware. You should also be cautious when opening email attachments, as many viruses are spread through phishing emails.

Prerequisite: To start the removal process, you will need to download software to scan for and remove any malicious software. It is recommended that you download this software on another computer that is known to be uninfected and use a clean, recently formatted USB to transfer the software to your infected computer.

Microsoft Safety Scanner - This program is completely self-contained and requires no Internet access to run or install. Just download it, copy it over to the infected computer via a USB drive, and then run it. If you decide to run a full scan, it can take hours or even days, depending on how many files are on the drive(s). This software is time-stamped and will only run for ten days. After that, you would need to download a new copy of it.

Malwarebytes - This program requires Internet access to download the complete installation files. I recommend downloading the installer and copying it to the infected computer via a USB drive. Once the installer is on the infected computer, connect to the Internet and start the installation program.

Avast Free - This program requires Internet access to download the complete installation files. I recommend downloading the installer and copying it to the infected computer via a USB drive. Once you have the installer on the infected computer, connect to the Internet and then start the installation program.

Taking immediate action is essential if you suspect your Windows computer is infected with a virus. Here are some virus removal guidelines to help you effectively eradicate malware from your system:

1. Disconnect from the Internet: If you suspect your computer is infected, one of the first steps you should take is to disconnect it from the Internet. This can help prevent the virus from spreading to other devices on your network or communicating with its command-and-control servers.

2. Enter Safe Mode with Networking: Boot your computer into Safe Mode with Networking to limit the number of processes running and make it easier to remove the virus. Depending on what software you want to use, you may need an Internet connection to install it. Now, Safe Mode with Networking only supports wired (ethernet) connections because it uses generic network drivers, and there just aren't any generic WiFi drivers.

You will need to use the Advanced Boot Options to get Windows to boot up into Safe Mode, and here is how to get there:

Windows 11 Advanced Boot Options

Windows 10 Advanced Boot Options

3. Scan for viruses: Run and/or install one of the recommended programs listed above, then run a full scan. Be prepared to wait as the software scans all of the files on your drive(s). This can take anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours.

4. Remove suspicious files and programs: Inspect your system for any suspicious files or programs and remove them. Look for unusual filenames, recently installed programs, or programs you don't remember installing.

If you can't remove the virus on your own, consider seeking help from a professional computer technician or a reputable IT support service, such as Geeks in Phoenix. They can assist in performing a more in-depth virus removal process and provide guidance on preventing future infections.

After removing the virus from your Windows computer, it's important to take steps to prevent future infections. This includes maintaining up-to-date anti-virus software, patching your operating system and software, and practicing safe browsing habits.

In conclusion, viruses pose a significant threat to Windows computers, but by following the virus removal guidelines outlined in this article, you can effectively protect your system from malware. Remember that prevention is vital, so stay vigilant and secure your computer to avoid falling victim to malicious software.

Check out the following article for more information on free Internet security software.

Free Internet security software

Check out this article for a detailed description of one of the worst cases of infection I have seen.

A real life virus removal horror story

Here is a list of a few free Internet security programs I recommend for those on a budget. Remember that free software often comes with limitations but is fully functional. Some require manual updating, but that is a small price for great free software. Let us start with an anti-virus program.

When it comes to anti-virus software, I like to see real-world testing comparisons. Take a look at AV-Test, an independent IT security institute that tests all major AV software every three (3) months. That way, the tests will be done with real-world AV samples.

Windows Defender (built into Windows)

• Pros: It is built into Windows and is one of the highest-rated AV programs. If you decide to install a third-party AV program, Windows Defender will switch itself into a secondary AV program and can be set up to periodically scan for threats.
• Cons: Windows Defender only protects the operating system and does not integrate with browsers.

Avast Free

• Pros: This is a fully functional anti-virus program that has file, behavior, web, and mail scanners. The program updates itself automatically.
• Cons: There is no free technical support. Support for this product is sold by call or by year.

Next is a Firewall program:

Windows Defender Firewall (built into Windows)

• Pros: It is already installed and running inside Windows.
• Cons: It provides essential inbound/outbound protection. You can create custom security rules, but configuring them requires some detailed information. It is not for the novice user.

ZoneAlarm

• Pros: The program is fully automatic in updating itself.
• Cons: It only provides inbound and outbound protection but does it in full stealth mode. It also requires internet access to install.

Let us now look at two free spyware/malware programs. My first choice is Microsoft Safety Scanner. Note that I ranked Microsoft Safety Scanner first because it requires no installation or additional software to run.

Microsoft Safety Scanner

• Pros: It requires no installation. Just download and run with Administrative privileges.
• Cons: It is time-stamped and will only run for ten (10) days after downloading it.

Malwarebytes Anti-Malware

• Pros: It is an excellent malware program. It checks for updates before performing any scans.
• Cons: It requires Internet access to complete the installation.