Have you ever encountered a situation where you are trying to install Windows on your computer, but the installation process does not find any available drives to install the operating system? This can be a frustrating experience, but there are several steps you can take to find a driver and complete the installation process. In this article, we will show you how to locate and install missing storage drivers when performing a clean install of Windows.

If you're installing Windows for the first time (clean), and there are no drives listed to install Windows on, don't worry. This issue is common and can be resolved with a few simple steps. The problem is that Windows does not have a generic driver in its installation media for your storage controller.

This was common in the '90s when you had to load the storage controller driver(s) from a floppy disk by pressing F6 when prompted for a drive to install. That is why they are called F6 drivers. In fact, some of the hardware manufacturers still use the F6 folder name in their storage driver packaging.

Now, when it comes to requiring third-party storage controller drivers to install Windows, it usually occurs with RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) storage controllers. But recently, I have also had to use manufacturer drivers for the SATA (Serial AT Attachment) storage controllers used with 11th-generation Intel processors.

Identify the missing storage drivers: This will require having the manufacturer name and model number of your motherboard or controller card. Please make a note of this information, as it will help you locate the missing drivers in the next step.

Download the missing storage drivers: Once you have identified the missing storage drivers, the next step is to download them. You can download the drivers from the manufacturer's website. Some driver downloads are self-extracting install programs, so just download the driver package.

When you download the drivers, make sure you download the correct drivers for your operating system and system architecture (32-bit or 64-bit). Once you have the driver package downloaded, use an archive program like 7-Zip to extract the storage driver package to a separate folder manually.

Copy the drivers to a USB drive: Next, you must copy the downloaded drivers to a USB drive. Make sure the USB drive is formatted in FAT32 or NTFS format and has enough free space to accommodate the drivers. Create a new folder on the USB drive and name it something like Windows Drivers. Then, copy the downloaded drivers to this folder.

Install the missing storage drivers: Now that you have the missing storage drivers on a USB drive, you can install them during the Windows installation process. Here's how:

1. Boot your computer from your Windows installation media and proceed through the installation process.
2. When you reach the Where do you want to install Windows screen, and no drives are shown, insert the USB drive with the storage drivers and click Browse to locate the drivers.
3. Navigate to the folder on the USB drive where you saved the drivers and select the appropriate driver file.
4. Click OK to install the driver.

Once the driver is installed, you can proceed with the Windows installation without any further issues.

In conclusion, locating and installing missing storage drivers during a Windows installation from a USB drive is a relatively simple process. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can resolve the issue and proceed with the installation smoothly.

Do you have a program that automatically starts when you log in to Windows that you do not want to do that anymore? Or maybe you have too many programs starting when you log in to Windows? If so, here is how to edit the programs that autostart in Windows.

Autostart programs are a great convenience for users as they allow commonly used programs to start automatically when the computer boots up, saving time and effort. However, these autostart programs can accumulate over time, slowing the bootup process.

Now, there are only two (2) locations that can automatically run a program: the Startup folder and the Registry. There are two (2) types of autostart programs: System-wide or user-specific. And then, there are the different ways to edit the autostart programs.

Now you can edit the autostart programs using a couple of different applications, Task Manager and Autoruns. Task Manager is built into Windows, and Autoruns is a Microsoft utility that must be downloaded (see link below).

With Task Manager and Autoruns, you can toggle on or off any autostart program to test how it will affect the performance of your computer. And with Autoruns, you can even delete items that automatically start.

Task Manager: Task Manager is a built-in tool in Windows that allows users to monitor and manage running processes. To access Task Manager, press the Ctrl + Shift + Esc keys or right-click on the taskbar and select Task Manager. Navigate to the Startup tab to see a list of programs set to autostart. To disable a program from autostarting, right-click on it and select Disable.

Autoruns: Autoruns is a free tool from Microsoft that provides a comprehensive list of all autostart programs, including those from the Startup folder, Registry, Task Scheduler, and other locations.

Autoruns for Windows

Once downloaded, run the program and navigate to the Logon tab to see a list of programs set to autostart. To disable a program from autostarting, uncheck the box next to it. To delete a program, right-click on the entry and select Delete.

You know how to disable, enable, and delete autostart programs, but what if you want to add a program? This requires manually editing either the Startup folder or the Registry.

Startup Folder: The Startup folder is a simple and easy way to add programs to autostart. To access the Startup folder, press the Windows Logo key + R to bring up the Run dialog box. Then type shell:startup and press Enter. This will open the user-specific Startup folder. Or navigate to the following folder in File Explorer (show hidden items must be turned on).

C:\Users\YourUsername\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup

Once you have the user-specific Startup folder open, right-click on an empty space on the right-hand pane, select New > Shortcut, and then navigate to the program to want to autostart. For reference, here is the location for the read-only system-wide Startup folder.

C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp

Registry: The Registry is a powerful tool that stores configuration settings for Windows and many programs. Improperly editing the Registry can cause your computer to run incorrectly and even fail to boot, so backing up the Registry is recommended before making any changes.

How to backup the Registry in Windows

To access the Registry, press the Windows Logo key + R to bring up the Run dialog box. Then type regedit and press Enter. Navigate to the following key:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

This key contains a list of programs set to autostart for the current user. To add a program to autostart, right-click on an empty space in the right-hand pane and select New > String Value. Enter the name of the program and the path to its executable file.

For reference, here is the location for the system-wide Registry key.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

In conclusion, autostart programs are a great convenience for users but can also slow down the bootup process. Using the tools mentioned in this article, users can easily manage and edit autostart programs from various locations in Windows.

Are you looking for a program to play optical disks (BD, DVD, CD) in Windows? Maybe you are feeling frustrated by having to have multiple media players to handle the various file formats you encounter? If so, you'll be happy to know there's a solution: VLC Media Player.

VLC Media Player is a remarkable media player that can handle a wide range of formats, including MPEG-1/2, DivX® (1/2/3/4/5/6), MPEG-4 ASP, XviD, 3ivX D4, H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC, WMV 1/2/3, QuickTime, RealVideo, and many more. This gives you the flexibility to play just about any media file you come across without the hassle of switching between different players.

But that's not all: VLC Media Player is also highly versatile when it comes to operating systems. Whether you're using Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Unix, iOS, or Android, there is a version of VLC Media Player for your device. This means you can enjoy your media files on your preferred platform without worrying about compatibility issues.

You can also change the appearance of the VLC Media Player by using skins. There are quite a few skins available for download, or you can create your own with the VLC Skin Editor. Note: Skins do not work on the Mac OS version of VLC.

Another great thing about VLC Media Player is that it's completely free. There are no annoying ads or in-app purchases, so that you can enjoy uninterrupted media playback. VLC Media Player is open-source and produced by the non-profit origination VideoLAN.

In summary, VLC Media Player is an excellent choice for anyone looking for a media player that's both versatile and easy to use. For more information on the VLC Media Player, follow the link below.

VLC Media Player

Whether you are building a new computer or replacing/upgrading your existing one, one of the most important considerations is the Power Supply Unit (PSU). PSUs are vital, as they provide the necessary energy for each component to operate efficiently while ensuring system stability and longevity. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to estimate the power required for your custom-built computer.

Before diving into calculations, it's essential to understand what contributes to a computer's total power consumption. Each component in your build, such as the CPU, GPU, motherboard, RAM, storage devices, and peripheral components, draws a certain amount of power during operation. The total power consumption of the system will influence the size of the PSU you need to purchase.

List your components

Begin by listing all the components you plan to include in your build. The primary components typically consist of:

• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The power requirement varies significantly among different models. Check the manufacturer's specifications (Thermal Design Power (TDP)) for this value.
• Graphic Processing Unit (GPU): This is often the most significant power consumer in a modern gaming PC. Again, manufacturers provide TDP ratings for graphics cards.
• Motherboard: While motherboards consume less power compared to CPUs and GPUs, it's still necessary to account for this.
• Memory (RAM): Each stick typically consumes between 2 and 5 watts of power.
• Storage: SSDs consume less power than HDDs, but still contribute to overall power consumption.
• Cooling systems: Fans and liquid cooling systems also draw power.
• Peripherals: Keyboards, mice, and other peripherals (especially lighting effects) can add to the power requirement.

Use an online PSU calculator

Using an online power supply calculator can simplify the process of estimating your total power needs. Various websites, see links below, offer interactive tools where you can input your components. These calculators take into consideration the specifications you provide and offer estimates based on average power consumption, including some headroom for future upgrades and peak loads.

Now, some online power supply calculators can estimate the power requirements given the specifications of the components. You can use these websites to calculate a rough estimate of the amount of power your computer will require. Here are a few online power supply calculators.

Newegg - Power Supply Calculator

PC builds - Power Supply Calculator

Cooler Master - Power Supply Calculator

Once you have a rough estimate of the power requirements for your components, add some extra headroom to ensure stable and reliable performance. A good rule of thumb is to choose a PSU that can provide at least 20 - 30% more power than your estimated requirements.

Calculate total wattage

If you prefer a manual method, follow these steps to calculate your system's wattage:

1. Find power ratings: Look up the power requirements for each component (generally available on manufacturer websites or retail listings). Write them down.
2. Total up power consumption: Sum the power ratings from each component.
   For example:
   - CPU: 95 watts
   - GPU: 300 watts
   - Motherboard: 75 watts
   - RAM: 16 watts (2 sticks x 8 watts each)
   - Storage: 10 watts (SSD and HDD combined)
   - Cooling: 20 watts (for 4 fans)
   Total power consumption = 95 + 300 + 75 + 16 + 10 + 20 = 516 watts
3. Add overhead: It's essential to add a safety margin to ensure stable performance. It is common practice is to add about 20-30% more power on top of your total wattage. This might look like:
   516 watts x 1.3 = 670.8 watts

Therefore, a 750-watt PSU would be a safe choice.

Consider efficiency ratings

When selecting a PSU, consider the efficiency rating, which indicates how well a power supply converts AC power from the wall outlet into DC power for the computer. PSUs are rated based on efficiency standards, such as the 80 PLUS standard. Here are the tiers:

• 80 PLUS Bronze: 82% efficiency at 20% and 100% load, 85% at 50% load.
• 80 PLUS Silver: 85% efficiency at 20% and 100% load, 88% at 50% load.
• 80 PLUS Gold: 87% efficiency at 20% and 100% load, 90% at 50% load.
• 80 PLUS Platinum: 90% efficiency at 20% and 100% load, 92% at 50% load.
• 80 PLUS Titanium: 90% efficiency at 10% and 100% load, 94% at 20% load.

Selecting a more efficient PSU can allow you to choose a PSU with slightly lower wattage, as it operates more effectively under load.

Plan for future upgrades

If you plan to upgrade your system in the coming years (e.g., adding more storage or upgrading your GPU), consider purchasing a PSU with a higher wattage than what you currently need. This foresight can save you money in the long run.

Estimating the power required for your custom-built computer is vital for ensuring system stability and efficiency. By carefully listing out your components, using online calculators or manual calculations, taking into account efficiency ratings, and planning for future upgrades, you can select the most suitable PSU for your build. A robust and reliable power supply is the backbone of any custom PC, and making the right choice can enhance not just performance, but also the longevity of your components.

Are you having video problems when trying to play a game? Maybe your screen goes blank for a second or two? If so, here is how to troubleshoot the graphics card in your Windows-based computer.

If you are currently experiencing issues with the graphics on your computer, it may be due to a problem with your graphics card. You can take a few steps to diagnose the issue and resolve the problem.

Identifying the symptoms

Before attempting any troubleshooting steps, it’s essential to identify the symptoms you are experiencing. Common issues include:

• Odd patterns or colors appear on the screen.
• The system freezes or restarts when running graphics-intensive applications.
• No display at all or an incorrect resolution.
• Games or applications struggle to run smoothly.
• Messages indicating problems with the graphics driver.
• Once you’ve noted the symptoms, you can proceed to pinpoint the cause.

Check connections and hardware

Begin with the basics. Ensure that your graphics card is securely seated in its PCIe slot and that all power connectors are correctly attached. Examine your graphics card for any visible damage. If there is damage, it may need to be replaced. Handling your computer components with care and avoiding physical damage is crucial.

If you can, try the following:

• Reseat the graphics card: Turn off your computer, unplug it, and carefully remove the graphics card. Then, reinsert it into the slot, ensuring it is locked in place.
• Check cables: Inspect the cables connecting the graphics card to the monitor. Replace any damaged cables.
• Monitor functionality: Test the monitor with another computer or use another monitor with your computer to rule out display issues.

Update graphics drivers

Outdated or corrupted drivers can lead to several graphics-related issues. It's important to ensure that your graphics card drivers are up to date. There are two (2) ways of updating your graphics drivers: Download from the manufacturer's website or use Device Manager. To obtain the latest drivers, refer to the manufacturer's website first, and then use Device Manager as a secondary source.

Via the manufacturer’s website

You can download the latest drivers directly from the manufacturer’s website for more control over installation options. Keep in mind that manufacturers may release updated drivers after Microsoft releases its monthly updates.

Via Device Manager

1. Right-click on the Start button to bring up the Power User menu.
2. From the context menu that appears, left-click on Device Manager.
3. Left-click on Display adapters to expand it.
4. Right-click on your graphics card and select Properties.
5. Select the Driver tab and click Update Driver.

Roll back drivers

If problems started after a recent driver update, rolling back to a previous version might resolve the issue. To roll back a driver inside of Device Manager:

1. Right-click on the Start button to bring up the Power User menu.
2. From the context menu that appears, left-click on Device Manager.
3. Left-click on Display adapters to expand it.
4. Right-click on your graphics card and select Properties.
5. Select the Driver tab and click Roll Back Driver if the option is available.

Adjust graphics settings

Misconfigured graphics settings in your applications or Windows can sometimes lead to performance issues. To adjust settings:

• Apps: Open your game or application and access its graphics settings.
• Windows: Right-click on the Desktop and select Display settings.

Reduce the resolution and lower the graphics quality to see if performance improves.

Check for Windows Updates

Missing or pending Windows Updates can cause performance issues. Ensure you are running the latest version:

1. Left-click on the Start button to bring up the Start menu.
2. In the list of pinned apps on the Start menu, left-click on Settings (gear icon).
3. In the left-hand column, left-click on Windows Update.

Install any available updates, as they may contain critical fixes.

Test your GPU

Using a graphics card stress testing tool, you can test your graphics card and identify potential issues. This will help you determine whether the problem lies with the card or another component of your computer.

The Ultimate Boot CD (UBCD) is an excellent diagnostic tool that includes a video memory stress test. All you have to do is download the latest ISO file and burn it to a CD/DVD or use Rufus to create a bootable USB drive.

You may need to adjust some settings in your motherboard's BIOS to ensure the UBCD boots correctly. The UBCD is built on a Linux platform, so you may need to disable secure boot and UEFI boot features temporarily..

Diagnose computer hardware issues with the Ultimate Boot CD

Create custom installation media with Rufus

While testing your graphics card, it is essential to monitor its temperature. High temperatures can cause issues with the card, so it's critical to monitor it closely and ensure it doesn't overheat. You may need to take additional steps to cool it down if it is. Most graphics card testing tools will include the ability to monitor the clock speed and temperature.

Here are some free graphics testing tools:

• FurMark - FurMark is a popular choice for stress-testing your graphics card. It's designed to push your GPU to its limits and help you identify any potential stability issues. With FurMark, you can customize your testing parameters, track your GPU's temperature, and clock speed in real-time.
• MSI Afterburner - MSI Afterburner is a popular overclocking tool, but it also includes a built-in GPU stress test. This software is handy for gamers who want to optimize their graphics settings for a specific game. With MSI Afterburner, you can monitor your GPU's clock speed, temperature, and fan speed while running a stress test.
• Heaven Benchmark - Heaven Benchmark is another popular benchmarking tool designed to stress test your graphics card. This software is handy for users who want to see how their GPU performs under different conditions. With Heaven Benchmark, you can customize your testing parameters and track your GPU's temperature and clock speed in real-time.
• MSI Kombuster - Optimize your gaming PC's performance with MSI Kombustor, the ultimate stress test for your graphics card. With MSI Kombuster, you can use the preset testing parameters or customize your own. You can monitor your GPU's clock speed, temperature, GPU load, and GPU power. Note: MSI Kombuster only works with NVidia-based graphics cards.

Troubleshooting graphics card issues can be a straightforward process if you take a structured approach. Start by identifying the symptoms, checking physical connections, updating drivers, adjusting settings, and utilizing graphics testing tools. If, after all these steps, you’re still facing problems, consider testing the card in another system. By methodically addressing potential issues, you can restore the functionality of your graphics card and enjoy all the graphics-intensive applications and games your system has to offer.